According to events at the time, Dukang (督亢) (in present-day Hebei Province) was the first part of the Yan state that the Qin wanted, by reason of its fertile farmland. Jing Ke agreed to go to Qin and pretend to be a nobleman begging for mercy. In 228 BC, the Qin army was already at the Zhao capital of Handan, and was waiting to approach the state of Yan. The expectation in either case was that Qin would be left disorganized, enabling the other remaining major states to unite against its conquest. The plan involved either kidnapping the king and forcing him to release the territories from his control or failing this, killing him. There Jing Ke accepted the hospitality of Prince Dan, who as a last resort decided to send an assassin against the King of Qin. A youxia named Tian Guang (田光) first introduced him to Prince Dan. His homeland of Wey was annexed by Qin in 239 BC, and Jing Ke fled to Yan. He was of the clan name Qing ( 庆氏) of the ancestral name Jiang (姜姓) and a distant descendant of Wukui of Qi, had good education and was proficient in the art of the sword. Jing Ke originally came from the minor Wey state. In exchange for peace, King Xi of Yan had earlier forced his son Crown Prince Dan to be held a diplomatic hostage in the Qin, but Prince Dan returned knowing that Qin was far stronger than Yan and would attack it sooner or later. Zhao's northeastern neighbor, the Yan state was next in line to be threatened by Qin expansion. Two years later, the once-formidable Zhao state was also conquered in 236 BC. The Qin army, having already achieved absolute military supremacy over the other states since 260 BC, first successfully annihilated the state of Han, the weakest of the Seven Warring States. DOI: 10.1111/J. 230 BC, the Qin state began conquering other states as part of King Zheng's ambition to unify the country under one rule. In-situ oxygen profiling and lignin modification in guts of wood-feeding termites Insect Science. Ke J, Sun J, Nguyen HD, Singh D, Lee KC, Beyenal H, Chen S. Thermal characterization of softwood lignin modification by termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki) Biomass & Bioenergy.
Aromatic compound degradation by the wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki) International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. Biodegradation of hardwood lignocellulosics by the western poplar clearwing borer, Paranthrene robiniae (Hy. In situ lignocellulosic unlocking mechanism for carbohydrate hydrolysis in termites: crucial lignin modification. Modulation of lignin deposition/composition via phytic acid reduction in seed improves the quality of barley straw for sugar release and ethanol production Biomass and Bioenergy. Ke J, Laskar DD, Ellison MT, Zemetra RS, Chen S. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki). Advanced biorefinery in lower termite-effect of combined pretreatment during the chewing process. Thermal decomposition of lignin structural modification in termite digested softwood (II) Fuel. Varied lignin disruption mechanisms for different biomass substrates in lower termite Renewable Energy. Py-GC/MS as a Powerful and Rapid Tool for Determining Lignin Compositional and Structural Changes in Biological Processes Current Analytical Chemistry.
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis for probing in situ softwood lignin modification in each gut segment of the termite. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Lignocellulose pretreatment in a fungus-cultivating termite. Li H, Yelle DJ, Li C, Yang M, Ke J, Zhang R, Liu Y, Zhu N, Liang S, Mo X, Ralph J, Currie CR, Mo J. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. An integrated workflow for phenazine-modifying enzyme characterization. PMID 31611640 DOI: 10.1038/S4156-8Ĭoates RC, Bowen BP, Oberortner E, Thomashow L, Hadjithomas M, Zhao Z, Ke J, Silva L, Louie K, Wang G, Robinson D, Tarver A, Hamilton M, Lubbe A, Feltcher M, et al. CRAGE enables rapid activation of biosynthetic gene clusters in undomesticated bacteria. Wang G, Zhao Z, Ke J, Engel Y, Shi YM, Robinson D, Bingol K, Zhang Z, Bowen B, Louie K, Wang B, Evans R, Miyamoto Y, Cheng K, Kosina S, et al.
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